DEXMEDETOMIDINE AN ADJUVANT TO LEVOBUPIVACAINE IN SUPRACLAVICULAR BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLIND PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Apha-2 agonists are combined with local anesthetics to extend the duration of regional
anesthesia. We evaluated the effect of combining dexmedetomidine with levobupivacine with respect to
duration of motor and sensory block and duration of analgesia.
METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for elective forearm and hand surgery were divided into two equal
groups in a randomized double blind fashion. The patients received brachial plexus block via
supraclavicular route with the help of nerve stimulator. In group L (n=30) 35cc of levobupivacaine with
1ml of isotonic saline and in group LD (n=30) 35cc of levobupivacine with 1 ml of (100 microgram) of
dexmedetomidine was given. Duration of motor and sensory block and time to first rescue analgesia were
recorded. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 16.0 [SPSS Inc ILLINOIS, USA, 2008]. Categorical
variables were analyzed using Pearson”s Chi-square test. Normally distributed numerical variables were
analyzed using unpaired “t” test. Skewed numerical variables within the group were analyzed using
Man-Whitney “U” test. All tests were two tailed. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.
RESULTS: Sensory and motor block durations were longer in group LD as compared to L (P<0.01).
Duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group LD as compared to group L (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine added to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block
prolongs the duration of block and the duration of postoperative analgesia.