Challenges, Prospects, and Strategic Directives for African Countries to Harness the Disruptive Capabilities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)
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Published:
Aug 31, 2024
Keywords:
Fourth Industrial Revolution, Strategic Directives, Disruptive Capabilities, Africa
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Abstract
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has been at the center of several economic and political debates in recent years. This is because of its capacity to significantly disrupt every life, economic sector, and industry. The problem is that when compared to the West, there has been limited literature on 4IR in Africa, and the continent has yet to embrace the revolution in full. The purpose of this article is to explore the challenges, prospects, and strategic directives for African countries to harness the disruptive capabilities of the 4IR. This qualitative study used a narrative literature review approach. Journal articles constituted the sample for the study. A manual thematic analysis approach was used to analyze data. Findings reveal that despite the social, institutional, economic, and environmental challenges, the 4IR comes with a myriad of social, institutional, economic, and environmental benefits for Africa. However, for Africa to overcome existing challenges and harness the opportunities of the 4IR, employers, educational institutions, and governments in the continent need to play a strategic role. This study contributes to the limited academic literature on the 4IR in Africa. Findings from this article can inform policies around the 4IR in African countries. Results also provide practical strategic directives for African employers, educational institutions, and governments to harness the disruptive capabilities of the 4IR.
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Gaelle Fitong Ketchiwou, & Patrick Ngulube. (2024). Challenges, Prospects, and Strategic Directives for African Countries to Harness the Disruptive Capabilities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD), 5(2), 131-157. https://doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v5i2.5705
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theorizing from what we see rather than what we have already seen. Journal of Management Studies 57(6): 1246–1271.
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Sustainability: Towards a Conceptual Framework. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex 5: 48.
Mamphiswana, R. Bekele, M. 2020. The fourth industrial revolution: prospects and
challenges for Africa. International Association for Management of Technology IAMOT 2020 Conference Proceedings
Manda, I. M. &Dhaou, B. S. (2019). Responding to the challenges and opportunities in the
4th industrial revolution in developing countries. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 244–253.
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international student edition). London: SAGE Publications Inc.
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roadmap through 4IR Lenses. Journal of Construction Project Management and Innovation 10(2): 30–50. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcpmi.v10i2.405
Mentan T. (2018). Africa in the colonial age of neoliberal globalization of empire. In Africa
in the colonial ages of empire: slavery, capitalism, racism, colonialism, decolonization, independence as recolonization, pp. 353–410. Langaa RPCIG. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh9vtjn.11
Micheni, E, Wechuli, A.N., Murumba, J., Machii, J.K. (2021). Fostering the Fourth Industrial
Revolution Technologies for Youth and Women Empowerment. Journal of Information Engineering and Applications 11(1): 32-39.
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application: Insights from diffusion of innovation theory and technology acceptance model. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1507866
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African universities. Education and Information Technologies 2020(4): 1–20.
Mpungose, C. B. (2020b). Are social media sites a platform for formal or informal learning?
students’ experiences in institutions of higher education. International Journal of Higher Education 9(5): 300–311.
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restaurant industry within developing countries. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 12 (1): 156–170.
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(7th Ed.). Pearson New International Edition. Harlow: Pearson
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role for online education. International Journal on Innovations in Online Education 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJInnovOnlineEdu.2019029705
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industrial revolution. Human Resource Development International, 24(1), 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2020.1767453
Saidi, U. (2022). Against the Grain: The Tragedy of Zimbabwe in the context of 4IR. In
Benyera, E. (eds) Africa and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development. Springer, Cham. Pp 67-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87524-4_4
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Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines,
Journal of Business Research, 104 (2019): 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039.
Soh C., Connolly D. (2020). New frontiers of profit and risk: the fourth industrial revolution’s
impact on business and human rights. New Political Econ 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2020.1723514
Uleanya C., Ke Y. (2019). Review of preparedness of rural African communities nexus
formal education in the fourth industrial revolution. South African Rev Sociol 50(3–4):91–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2019.1639074
Wong, G., Greenhalgh, T., Westhorp, G., Buckingham, J., & Pawson, R. (2013). RAMESES
publication standards: Meta-narrative reviews. BMC Medicine 11 (20). https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-20
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Xu, M., David, J. M., & Kim, S. H. (2018). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities
and Challenges. International Journal of Financial Research 9(2): 90-95
Yusuf, A. K., Abubakar, M. Y., & Baba, M. H. (2020). The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)
in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences 9(2): 77-95.
https://doi.org/10.32327/IJMESS/9.2.2020.6
Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-risks-leaving-women-behind/ (accessed 19 September 2023)
Ajibade, P., & Mutula, M. S. (2020). Big data, 4IR, and electronic banking and banking
systems applications in South Africa and Nigeria. Banks and Bank Systems 15(2): 187–199. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(2).2020.17
Anderson, K. (2018). A woman’s place is in the (fourth industrial) revolution. Population
Education. https://populationeducation.org/a-womans-place-is-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/(Accessed: 6 January 2023)
Andreoni, A. and Anzolin, G. (2019). A revolution in the making? Challenges and
opportunities of digital production technologies for developing countries. Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development Working Paper Series WP 7 | 2019
Arakpogun, E.O., Elsahn, Z., Olan, F., Elsahn, F. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Africa:
Challenges and Opportunities. In: Hamdan, A., Hassanien, A.E., Razzaque, A., Alareeni, B. (eds) The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Implementation of Artificial Intelligence for Growing Business Success. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 935. Springer, Cham.pp 375-388. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62796-6_22
Barclay, L. (2018). Rise of the machines: Friend or foe for female blue-collar workers? In A.
Bosch (Ed.), South African Board for People Practices Women’s Report 2018, (pp. 3 – 11). Rosebank, South Africa: SABPP.
Bayode, A. van der Poll, JA & Ramphal, R.R. (2019). 4th Industrial Revolution: Challenges
and Opportunities in the South African Context. Int'l Conference on Science, Engineering, Technology & Waste Management (SETWM-19). https://doi.org/10.17758/EARES8.EAP1119285
Breslin, D. & Bailey, K. (2020). Expanding the conversation through ‘Debate Essays’ and
‘Review Methodology’ papers. International Journal of Management Reviews 22(3): 219–221.
Chaka, C. (2020). Skills, competencies, and literacies attributed to 4IR/Industry 4.0: Scoping
review. IFLA Journal 46(4): 369-399.
Chamola, V., Hassija, V., Gupta, V. &Guizani, M. (2020). A comprehensive review of the
COVID-19 pandemic and the role of IoT, Drones, AI, Blockchain, and 5G in Managing Its Impact. IEEE Access 8: 90225–90265.
Chopra, A.R. & Purohit. H. (2022). 4IR and Women Empowerment in India. Financial
Technology (FinTech), Entrepreneurship and Business Development: Proceedings of The International Conference on Business and Technology, (ICBT 2021): 3-14.
Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J.D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and
mixed research methods approaches (5th Ed.). California: SAGE Publications Inc.
Mhlanga, D. Ndhlovu, E. & Hofisi, C. (2021). Assessment of the 4IR challenges of radical
innovation in service delivery in Africa, Journal of Public Administration 56 (4.1): 1002– 1017.
Dagnaw, G. A. (2020). Artificial Intelligence Towards Future Industrial Opportunities and
Challenges. African Conference on Information Systems and Technology 16. https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/acist/2020/allpapers/16 (Accessed: 20 July 2024)
Distor, H., Campos Ruas, I., Isagah, T. &Dhaou, S.B. (2023). Emerging Technologies in
Africa: Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Internet of Things Applications and Way Forward. In 16th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (ICEGOV 2023), September 26–29, 2023, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3614321.3614326
Durac, L., Moga, L.M. &Simbanu, I. (2023). Incentive Factors for Social Entrepreneurship
Adoption Based on Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Acta Universitatis Danubius 19 (1)1: 233-248
Elsbach, K.D. & van Knippenberg, D. (2020). Creating high-impact literature reviews: An
argument for 'integrative reviews.' Journal of Management Studies 57(6): 1277–1289.
Fan, D., Breslin, D., Callahan, J.L. &Iszatt-White, M. (2022). Advancing literature review
methodology through rigor, generativity, scope and transparency. International Journal of Management Reviews 24: 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12291
Hoon, C. & Baluch, A.M. (2020). The role of dialectical interrogation in review studies:
theorizing from what we see rather than what we have already seen. Journal of Management Studies 57(6): 1246–1271.
Indah, C. & Abdul, H. (2023). Optimization of Social System Components in the Diffusion of
Innovations in Traditional Islamic Society; Study of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. Tribakti: JurnalPemikiranKeislaman, 34(1): 13-32. https://doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v34i1.3114
Kunisch, S., Menz, M., Bartunek, J. M., Cardinal, L. B. & Denyer, D. (2018). Feature topic at
organizational research methods: how to conduct rigorous and impactful literature reviews? Organizational Research Methods 21(3): 519–523.
Liu, Z.; Stephen, V. (2019). Exploring Innovation Ecosystem from the Perspective of
Sustainability: Towards a Conceptual Framework. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex 5: 48.
Mamphiswana, R. Bekele, M. 2020. The fourth industrial revolution: prospects and
challenges for Africa. International Association for Management of Technology IAMOT 2020 Conference Proceedings
Manda, I. M. &Dhaou, B. S. (2019). Responding to the challenges and opportunities in the
4th industrial revolution in developing countries. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 244–253.
Marshal, C., Rossman, G. B. & Blanco, G.L. (2022). Designing qualitative research (7th Ed:
international student edition). London: SAGE Publications Inc.
Masinde, M., & Soux, P. (2020). Transforming South Africa’s universities of technology: A
roadmap through 4IR Lenses. Journal of Construction Project Management and Innovation 10(2): 30–50. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcpmi.v10i2.405
Mentan T. (2018). Africa in the colonial age of neoliberal globalization of empire. In Africa
in the colonial ages of empire: slavery, capitalism, racism, colonialism, decolonization, independence as recolonization, pp. 353–410. Langaa RPCIG. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh9vtjn.11
Micheni, E, Wechuli, A.N., Murumba, J., Machii, J.K. (2021). Fostering the Fourth Industrial
Revolution Technologies for Youth and Women Empowerment. Journal of Information Engineering and Applications 11(1): 32-39.
Min, S, Fung So, K.K. & Jeong, M. (2018). Consumer adoption of the Uber mobile
application: Insights from diffusion of innovation theory and technology acceptance model. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1507866
Mitchell, N. (2023). UK invests £300 million in AI research resource.
https://www.universityworldnews.com/post-mobile.php?story=20231108124502203 (Accessed: 9 December 2023).
Molele, C. (2019). UJ’s Marwala jets for innovation through decolonization in higher
education. Inside Education. Available at: https:/insideeducation.co.za/ujs-marwala-jets-for-innovation-throughdecolonization-in-higher-education/ (Accessed: 9 December 2023).
Mpungose, C. B. (2020a). Beyond limits: Lecturers’ reflections on Moodle uptake in South
African universities. Education and Information Technologies 2020(4): 1–20.
Mpungose, C. B. (2020b). Are social media sites a platform for formal or informal learning?
students’ experiences in institutions of higher education. International Journal of Higher Education 9(5): 300–311.
Ndhlovu, E. & K. Dube, E. (2023). Challenges of radical technological transition in the
restaurant industry within developing countries. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 12 (1): 156–170.
Neuman, L. W. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches
(7th Ed.). Pearson New International Edition. Harlow: Pearson
Ogbuanya, T.C., Njoku, C.A., Kemi, P.O. &Ogunkelu, M.O. (2018). “Evaluating the
effectiveness of students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) programme to ensure quality of technical, vocational education and training in technical colleges in Lagos state”. International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education 10 (7): 61-69.
Owoseni, A., &Twinomurinzi, H. (2020). Evaluating mobile app usage by service sector
micro and small enterprises in Nigeria: An abductive approach. Information Technology for Development 26(4): 762–772.
Oxford Insights. (2023).Government AI Readiness Index 2023.
https://oxfordinsights.com/ai-readiness/ai-readiness-index/ (Accessed: 22 July 2024).
Qi, X., Chen, G., Li, Y., Cheng, X. & Li, C. (2019). Applying Neural-Network-Based
Machine Learning to Additive Manufacturing: Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Engineering: 721–729.
Reaves, J. (2019). 21st-century skills and the fourth industrial revolution: A critical future
role for online education. International Journal on Innovations in Online Education 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJInnovOnlineEdu.2019029705
Rogers, E.M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. New York: Free Press.
Rotatori, D., Lee, J. E. & Sleeva, S. (2021). The evolution of the workforce during the fourth
industrial revolution. Human Resource Development International, 24(1), 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2020.1767453
Saidi, U. (2022). Against the Grain: The Tragedy of Zimbabwe in the context of 4IR. In
Benyera, E. (eds) Africa and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development. Springer, Cham. Pp 67-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87524-4_4
Schwab, K. (2016). The fourth industrial revolution: What it means, how to respond.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-itmeans-and-how-to-respond/ (Accessed 12 December 2023).
Signé, L. (2022). Africa's role in the fourth industrial revolution: riding the world's biggest.
The Thinker 73: pp. 10–15.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines,
Journal of Business Research, 104 (2019): 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039.
Soh C., Connolly D. (2020). New frontiers of profit and risk: the fourth industrial revolution’s
impact on business and human rights. New Political Econ 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2020.1723514
Uleanya C., Ke Y. (2019). Review of preparedness of rural African communities nexus
formal education in the fourth industrial revolution. South African Rev Sociol 50(3–4):91–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2019.1639074
Wong, G., Greenhalgh, T., Westhorp, G., Buckingham, J., & Pawson, R. (2013). RAMESES
publication standards: Meta-narrative reviews. BMC Medicine 11 (20). https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-20
World Economic Forum. (2023). Future of Jobs Report 2023 INSIGHT REPORT May 2023.
https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2023.pdf (Accessed: 20 September 2023).
Xu, M., David, J. M., & Kim, S. H. (2018). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities
and Challenges. International Journal of Financial Research 9(2): 90-95
Yusuf, A. K., Abubakar, M. Y., & Baba, M. H. (2020). The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)
in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences 9(2): 77-95.
https://doi.org/10.32327/IJMESS/9.2.2020.6